WHEN MOM MUST WORK:

FAMILY DAY CARE AS A WELFARE-TO-WORK OPTION

ISBN: 1-895628-32-6 The material may be reproduced for personal or education purposes if appropriate attribution is made. For further information or to order the print version contact the publisher: Ontario Coalition for Better Child Care 500a Bloor Street West Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 1Y8 Telephone: (416) 538-0628 Facsimile: (416) 538-6737 E-mail: ocbcc@web.net April 2000

Contents List,

Executive Summary

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Changes in Federal Guidelines and Funding for Social Assistance
1.2 The Social Policy Dilemma
1.3 Methodology
1.4 Definitions

2.0 International Trends and Perspectives
2.1 The Impact of Social security and Welfare Spending on Poverty
2.11 Do Social Programs Help or Hinder?
2.12 Generosity in Income Security and Poverty
2.13 Means Tested Welfare, Other Income Transfers and Poverty

2.2 Welfare and Low-Income Dynamics
2.21 Transitions In and Out of Poverty/Welfare
2.22 Employment Related Events
2.23 Access to Other Income Transfers and Family Related Events
2.24 Low Income Mobility

2.3 Themes and Approaches in OECD and Europe
2.31 The OECD and "Active" Employment Oriented Policies
2.32 Welfare-to-Work in Europe

2.4 Family Day Care As an Employment Option in Europe
2.41 Filling the Service Gap
2.42 Employment Models for Providers
2.43 Sweden: Family Day Care as a Public Service

3.0 Welfare-to-Work in North America
3.1 Welfare-to-Work in the United States
3.11 Work-For-Welfare (Workfare)
3.12 The Impact of United States Reforms
3.13 The Affect of Transitions Into and Out of Poverty/Welfare on Child Development

3.2 U.S. Welfare Reform and Child Care
3.21 Quality, Affordability and Availability of Care
3:22 Training Recipients for Work in Child Care
3.23 Features of Child Care Training Programs for TANF Recipients
3.24 Child Care Careers Program, Wheelock College, Boston
3.25 The Consortium for Worker Education Satellite Child Care Project New York
3.26 Wisconsin's Workfare 'Miracle'
3.27 Reliance on Low Cost Care
3.28 Employment Potential
3.29 Nebraska's JOLI Program

3.3 Welfare-to-Work in Canada
3.31 Decentralisation and the Shift From Employment Insurance to Welfare
3.32 Who Relies on Social Assistance?
3.33 Welfare-to-Work Approaches and Programs
3.34 The New Social Minimum
3.35 Labour Market Trends

4.0 Child Care Quality, the Status of Providers and the Market for Care
4.1 The Importance of Quality Child Care
4.11 Improving Wage and Working Conditions
4.12 Accessing Supports and Overcoming Barriers

4.2 The Community Status of Home Child Care and Key-Informant Perspectives
4.21 Community Cohesion
4.22 Key-informant Perspectives
4.23 Programs and Practices
4.24 Factors That Deter or Assist

4.3 The Canadian Potential: The Case Studies
4.31 Quebec's Pioneering Approach
4.32 Manitoba's Family Day Care Training Program
4.33 Alberta's Day Care Employment Initiative
4.34 Work and Learn Project, Windsor Ontario

5.0 Policy/Program Options

6.0 Bibliography

Appendix A Provincial Regulations in Family Day Care